Annual Drinking Water Quality Report
	Gloucester County Public Utilities

INTRODUCTION

 This Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for calendar year 2003 is designed to inform you, the customer, about your drinking water quality.  Our goal is to provide you with a safe and dependable supply of drinking water, and we want you to understand the efforts we make to protect your water supply.  The quality of your drinking water must meet state and federal requirements administered by the Virginia Department of Health (VDH).  Gloucester County Public Utilities has not had any violations of a contaminant level or any other water quality standard during the reporting year.  Included in this report are details about where your water comes from, what it contains and how it compares to standards set by the EPA and VDH.  Gloucester County Public Utilities is committed to providing you with information about your water supply, because customers who are well informed are our best allies in supporting improvements necessary to maintain the highest drinking water standards.  If you have any questions about this report or any aspect of your drinking water or want to know how to participate in decisions that may affect the quality of your drinking water, please contact Lawrence A. Dame, Director of Public Utilities, at (804) 693-4044 (ldame@gloucesterva.info).

GENERAL INFORMATION

 Drinking water, including bottled drinking water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants.  The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800‑426‑4791).

 The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells.  As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.  Contaminants that may be present in source water include:  (1)  Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.  (2)  Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally-occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming.  (3)  Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agricultural, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses.  (4)  Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are byproducts of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems.  (5)  Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally occurring or be the results of oil and gas production and mining activities.  To ensure that tap water is safe to drink, EPA prescribes regulations, which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems.  Food and Drug Administration regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water, which must provide the same protection for public health.

 Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water that the general population.  Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections.  These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers.  EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by cryptosporidium and other microbiological contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).

 Your drinking water comes from two sources.  The first is known as surface water, which comes from the Beaverdam Reservoir.  The water is treated at the County’s water treatment plant.  Your water treatment plant employs state of the art technology which includes chemical coagulation, sedimentation and filtration.  Raw water is pumped from the Beaverdam Reservoir where potassium permanganate and carbon are added.  Potassium permanganate is used to remove iron, organics and some manganese.  Carbon is used to remove color, organics and to control taste and odor.  This water is pumped into a mixing basin where alum and polymer are added for coagulation.  The mixed water is then drawn into vacuum chambers where it “pulsates” into our super pulsator units, which separates large particles from the water.  These large particles are removed from the treatment process and disposed at the local landfill.  Settled water from the super pulsator is then filtered where chlorine is first added for disinfection and manganese removal.  The filtered water is stored at the plant where it is pumped out into the system.  The second source of your drinking water comes from groundwater.  The County’s new Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant went into operation in April of 2003, and we began blending this water with the treated surface water from two deep wells.  These wells are approximately 1400 feet deep.  The water is then pumped to the RO plant where we first add the only chemical in the process, an antiscalant that prevents fouling of the membranes used in the process.  Once at the plant, the well water passes through a series of sock filters that remove tiny particles that may have been brought up from the well.  This also prevents the fouling of the membranes.  After the filters, high-pressure pumps are used to pump the water through the membranes used in the reverse osmosis process.  This removes dissolved solids from the groundwater, leaving water that is nearly the same as bottled water.  We then pump the water over to the County’s clearwell, located at the surface water plant where chlorine is added for disinfection and then pumped out into the system for your use.

 Under a new program developed by VDH, a detailed source water assessment has been conducted to find ways to better protect our water sources.  This assessment allows our staff, along with the VDH, to implement measures to reduce or eliminate the sources of contamination.

 As a first step toward protection of our sources of drinking water, the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) and Virginia Department of Health (VDH), evaluated the susceptibility of this water supply to contamination.  Contamination sources and pathways were reviewed using maps, known and observed activities, water quality data and information about the water source.  Using criteria developed by the State in its EPA‑approved Source Water Assessment Program, the following was determined:

                                  Source                                    Susceptibility
                        i.       Beaverdam Reservoir                      High
                        ii.      Radial Well                                     High
                        iii.     Birkhofer Well                                 Low

 This does not mean that your drinking water is currently unsafe.  Your current water quality is described in the rest of this report.  A copy of the source water assessment report is available by contacting Mr. Lawrence A. Dame, Director of Public Utilities, at (804) 693-4044.

 Contaminants in your drinking water are routinely monitored according to Federal and State regulations.  The tables on the next few pages show the results of our monitoring for calendar year 2003.  In the tables and elsewhere in this report you will find many terms and abbreviations you might not be familiar with.  The following definitions are provided to help you better understand these terms:

 Non-detects (ND)  -  lab analysis indicates that the contaminant is not present.

 Parts per million (ppm) or Milligrams per liter (mg/l)  -  one part per million corresponds to one minute in two years or a single penny in $10,000.

 Parts per billion (ppb) Micrograms per liter  -  one part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000 years or a single penny in $10,000,000.

 Parts per trillion (ppt) or Nanograms per liter (nanograms/l)  -  one part per trillion corresponds to one minute in 2,000,000 years or a single penny in $10,000,000,000.

 Picocuries per liter (pCi/L)  -  picocuries per liter is a measure of the radioactivity in water.

 Action Level (AL)  -  the concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow.

 Treatment Technique (TT)  -  a required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.

 Maximum Contaminant Level, or MCL  -  the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.  MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology.

 Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level, or SMCL  -  set recommended levels for contaminants that affect water’s taste, color, odor or appearance.

 Maximum Contaminant Level Goal, or MCLG  -  the level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health.  MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.

 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit)  -  the amount of turbidity in a water sample as measured by the amount of light scattered by turbidity of the sample.

WATER QUALITY RESULTS

I.   Microbiological Contaminants